Everything about United Nations and its system agencies

Hello Readers, today we are going to share Everything about United Nations and its system agencies their funtions , headquarters, head and other related important terms.

 United Nations: The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization established 24 October 1945, to promote international co-operation.  At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193.  Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.The organization won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001

Headquarter :- New York, USA.  Head:- South Korean Ban Ki-Moon ( since 2007)

Principal organs of the United Nations:

1.the General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly).

2. The Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security).

3. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) (for promoting international economic and social co-operation and development).

4. The Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN).

5. The International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ).

6. The United Nations Trusteeship Council (inactive since 1994).

Five of the six principal organs are located at the main UN Headquarters in New York City. The International Court of Justice is located in The Hague, Netherlands.

Official Language of United Nations:- There are six official languages of the United Nations, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents. They are Arabic,Chinese,English,French, Russian, and Spanish.

UN System agencies:-

1.) World Bank Group:– The World Bank Group (WBG) is a family of five international organizations that provided loans to developing countries. It is the largest development bank in the world and is an observer at the United Nations Development Group. The bank is based in Washington, D.C. and President of world bank is Jim Yong Kim.

 The World Bank Group consists of:-

• the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), established in 1945, which provides debt financing on the basis of sovereign guarantees;
• the International Finance Corporation (IFC), established in 1956, which provides various forms of financing without sovereign guarantees, primarily to the private sector;
• the International Development Association (IDA), established in 1960, which provides concessional financing (interest-free loans or grants), usually with sovereign guarantees;
• the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), established in 1965, which works with governments to reduce investment risk;
• the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), established in 1988, which provides insurance against certain types of risk, including political risk, primarily to the private sector.

The term “World Bank” generally refers to just the IBRD and IDA, whereas the term World Bank Group or WBG is used to refer to all five institutions collectively.

2.) World Health Organization (WHO):- The World Health Organization (WHO) is also a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO is responsible for the World Health Report, a leading international publication on health, the worldwide World Health Survey, and World Health Day (7 April of every year). The head of WHO is Margaret Chan.

3.) World Food Programme (WFP):- The World Food Programme (WFP) is the food assistance branch of the United Nations formed in 1961. it is world’s largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security. The Headquarter of WFP in Rome, Italy. The head of WHO is Ertharin Cousin.

4.) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):- The  (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN). UNESCO has 195 member states and nine associate members.UNESCO’s aim is to contribute to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information. The Headquarter of UNESCO is in Paris, France and the head is Irina Bokova.

5.)United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF):- UNICEF was created by the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1946. It is a United Nations Program headquartered in New York City that provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. The Head of UNICEF is Anthony Lake. UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 and the Prince of Asturias Award of Concord in 2006.

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